A. Circle the correct modal in the past to complete each sentence.
ضع دائرة حول الفعل الشكلي الماضي الصحيح لإكمال كل جملة.
1. I have a sore throat. I (should have / may have) caught your cold.
2. He (wasn’t supposed to / shouldn’t have) know about the business deal, but he found out by accident.
ما كان من المفترض أن يعرف عن الصفقة التجارية لكنه اكتشف بالصدفة.
3. You have a big smile on your face in all the vacation pictures. You (should have / must have) had a
great time.
4. I don’t know where she is, but she was very tired. She (should have / may have) gone to bed.
5. I (must have / should have) paid more attention in English class. Now I’m completely confused
about the grammar.
6. I (must have / shouldn’t have) ordered that new laptop. It was way too expensive.
7. Did you get the package? It (was supposed to / must have) arrive by today.
هل حصلت على الطرد؟ كان من المفترض أن يصل بحلول اليوم.
8. You (may not have / should not have) said that. Now you’ve hurt your friend’s feelings.
B. Complete each sentence with a modal in the past. For some items, more than one modal
may be possible.
I should have worn a suit to the interview. I don’t think my clothes were formal enough.
1. It’s too bad we didn’t know you were there. We could have / might have met up.
2. She was supposed to study biology in school, but she ended up studying medicine instead.
3. Farah could have gone to Dubai this summer, but she decided to stay home instead.
4. He couldn’t have have said that. I think they must have misunderstood him.
5. It was such a beautiful day today. We should have / could have gone to the beach.
6. I’m not sure what we did with the bottles. We might have / may have put them in the recycling bin.
7. The product should have been a big success, but instead it was a flop.
8. You were right there when the accident happened. You must have / should have seen everything.
9. Who knows what might have / could have happened if the other candidate had won the election.
10. You look refreshed and well-rested. You must have slept well.
C. Rewrite each sentence as a passive sentence.
The coach should have chosen Abdullah for the football team.
Abdullah should have been chosen for the football team.
1. Someone must have dropped these keys at the meeting.
2. The Mayans may have drunk hot chocolate as far back as 2,600 years ago.
3. A professional photographer must have taken this picture.
4. A computer error may have caused the accident.
5. The police officer could have arrested him for speeding, but he let him go with a warning.
6. The registrar should have given you a course catalog on the first day of school.
7. A squirrel or a rabbit might have eaten the vegetables in our garden.
8. The mechanic was supposed to have fixed our car by now, but it’s still broken.
الحل يتفاوت
Answers will vary. Sample answers:
1. These keys must have been dropped at the meeting.
2. Hot chocolate may have been drunk by the Mayans as
far back as 2,600 years ago.
3. This picture must have been taken by a professional
photographer.
4. The accident may have been caused by a computer error.
5. He could have been arrested for speeding, but was let go
with a warning.
6. You should have been given a course catalog on the
first day of school.
7. The vegetables in our garden might have been eaten
by a squirrel or a rabbit.
8. Our car was supposed to have been fixed by now,
but it’s still broken.
D. Look at the photos. Write at least three sentences about each photo using modals in the past and passive modals in the past.
He must have been caught in the rain. He should have brought an umbrella.
He could have stayed dry if he had an umbrella. He may have caught a cold.
####
Answers will vary. Sample answers: الحل يتفاوت
A. He must not have been expecting the good news. It might
have been a surprise to him. The good news may have been given
to him by his parents.
B. He must have just missed his train. He might have had a job
interview. He should have gotten to the station earlier.
C. He must have been late. He shouldn’t have driven through the
center. He may have got to work on time if he’d avoided the traffic.
D. The cup must have been made of china. Somebody might have
dropped it accidentally. It may have fallen out of a cabinet.
A. Complete the sentences with the, a, an, or no article (-).
1. A company rejected the patent for the telephone.
2. (-) William Orton was offered the patent for an invention called the telephone.
3. Orton may have made the worst business mistake in history.
4. (-) Alaska had been considered a burden rather than an asset by (-) Russia.
5. Replacing the old formula with the new formula proved to be a mistake and the company
brought the original formula back quickly.
B. Work with a partner. Imagine you work in your ideal job. Ask and answer about
the following things:
travel opportunities recent business deals mistakes you have made
إجابة هذا السؤال تتفاوت من طالب لآخر
C. Read the career advice and complete each gap with a word from the box. There is more than one possible answer for some gaps. You will not need to use all the words.
career high school occupation salary degree interests profession
university guidance job qualifications work
###
1. What are you good at? What is right for you?
career/occupation/profession/job
2. You should choose a that you’ll find rewarding,
career/occupation/profession/job
3. If you attend , you’ll obtain a degree.
university
4. If you have , you will earn a higher .
qualifications, salary
5. You should look at your , and test your IQ.
interests
6. You should choose a satisfying line of that you’ll never find boring.
work
7. You should ask your teacher for in order to choose the right path.
guidance
D. Work with a partner. Ask and answer about the nouns in exercise C. Use quantifiers before the nouns.
B: I haven’t had many part-time jobs but I do have some experience working in my father’s store. I sold plenty of furniture.
A: Do you have a lot of interests?
إجابة هذا السؤال تتفاوت من طالب لآخر
Answers will vary. Sample answers: الحل يتفاوت
A. He must not have been expecting the good news. It might
have been a surprise to him. The good news may have been given
to him by his parents.
B. He must have just missed his train. He might have had a job
interview. He should have gotten to the station earlier.
C. He must have been late. He shouldn’t have driven through the
center. He may have got to work on time if he’d avoided the traffic.
D. The cup must have been made of china. Somebody might have
dropped it accidentally. It may have fallen out of a cabinet.
Articles
أدوات التنكير وأداةالتعريف
أدوات التنكير وأداةالتعريف
A. Complete the sentences with the, a, an, or no article (-).
1. A company rejected the patent for the telephone.
2. (-) William Orton was offered the patent for an invention called the telephone.
3. Orton may have made the worst business mistake in history.
4. (-) Alaska had been considered a burden rather than an asset by (-) Russia.
5. Replacing the old formula with the new formula proved to be a mistake and the company
brought the original formula back quickly.
في الفيديو التالي حل تدريبات قاعدة أدوات التنكير والتعريف من كتاب الطالب وكتاب التدريبات.
B. Work with a partner. Imagine you work in your ideal job. Ask and answer about
the following things:
اعمل مع شريك\رفيق. تخيل أنك تعمل في وظيفتك المثالية. اسأل وأجب عن الأشياء التالية:
your salary and perks your working environment your colleaguestravel opportunities recent business deals mistakes you have made
إجابة هذا السؤال تتفاوت من طالب لآخر
C. Read the career advice and complete each gap with a word from the box. There is more than one possible answer for some gaps. You will not need to use all the words.
career high school occupation salary degree interests profession
university guidance job qualifications work
###
1. What are you good at? What is right for you?
career/occupation/profession/job
2. You should choose a that you’ll find rewarding,
career/occupation/profession/job
3. If you attend , you’ll obtain a degree.
university
4. If you have , you will earn a higher .
qualifications, salary
5. You should look at your , and test your IQ.
interests
6. You should choose a satisfying line of that you’ll never find boring.
work
7. You should ask your teacher for in order to choose the right path.
guidance
D. Work with a partner. Ask and answer about the nouns in exercise C. Use quantifiers before the nouns.
اعمل مع شريك\رفيق. اسأل وأجب عن الأسماء في تدريب c. استخدم (أدوات الكم) قبل الأسماء.
A: How many part-time jobs have you had?B: I haven’t had many part-time jobs but I do have some experience working in my father’s store. I sold plenty of furniture.
A: Do you have a lot of interests?
إجابة هذا السؤال تتفاوت من طالب لآخر